Replies to LegCo questions
LCQ10: Proprietary Chinese medicines containing ingredients from bear gall bladders
Following is a question by the Hon Claudia Mo and a written reply by the
Secretary for Food and Health, Dr Ko Wing-man, in the Legislative Council today
(June 11):
Question:
The Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586)
aims to give effect in Hong Kong to the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The sale of proprietary
Chinese medicines containing ingredients from bear gall bladders on the Mainland
is subject to control by the State Forestry Administration and the Ministry of
Health, and the Key Wild Animals under State Priority Protection published by
the State Council has also included black bear as one of the wild animals under
priority protection. Nevertheless, I have learnt that raising black bears in
captivity and inhumanely "extracting bear bile from live bears" are common
practices on the Mainland. In this connection, will the Government inform this
Council:
(1) of the details of the information about the ingredients from bear gall
bladders which drug dealers are required to submit to the authorities in
applying for the import of Chinese medicines containing such ingredients;
whether such information includes the names of the countries exporting those
ingredients, the types of bears involved, as well as the method adopted for
extracting the ingredients from bear gall bladders; if so, of the details; if
not, whether it will consider requiring drug dealers to submit the relevant
information before they may import the products concerned, so as to observe the
CITES principles;
(2) of the latest information on products containing ingredients from bear gall
bladders (including Chinese herbal medicines, proprietary Chinese medicines and
other derivative products) currently registered and on sale in Hong Kong,
including the names of the relevant products, their registration numbers,
ingredients, places of production, volume of import in the past three years, and
the names of the pharmaceutical manufacturers concerned;
(3) given that the results of the researches conducted by some Chinese medicine
bodies show that there are at least 54 kinds of herbs which have similar
medicinal effects (i.e. clearing heat and jaundice, as well as calming the liver
and improving acuity of vision) as that of bear gall bladders, e.g. Caulis
Hederae Sinensis, Taraxacum Mongolicum, Chrysanthemum, Sage, Radix et Rhizoma
Rhei, Lonicera Japonica, Fructus Forsythiae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Chrysanthemum
Indicum, etc., whether the authorities have studied the feasibility of banning
the sale of Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines that
contain ingredients from bear gall bladders; if so, of the details; if not,
whether they will do so; and
(4) given that the Chief Executive had promised to a black bear concern group
before assuming office that he would consider following up with the central
authorities the issue of black bear abuse on the Mainland, that the Legislative
Council Panel on Health Services passed a motion at its meeting on May 14, 2012
"That this Panel requests the Government to legislate against the sale or import
in Hong Kong of Chinese herbal medicines or proprietary Chinese medicines which
contain ingredients from bear gall bladders extracted with any inhumane method",
and that some research results have shown that there are alternatives to
products made with bear gall bladders, whether the authorities took any
follow-up actions in respect of the Chief Executive's promise and the aforesaid
motion in the past two years; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for not
having commenced the legislative proceedings and when they will take follow-up
actions?
Reply:
President,
(1) According to the Chinese Medicine Ordinance (Cap. 549) (CMO), all
proprietary Chinese medicines (pCms) must be registered with the Chinese
Medicines Board (CMB) under the Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong (CMC)
before they can be imported, manufactured or sold in Hong Kong. To be
registered, all pCms must meet the registration requirements prescribed by the
CMB regarding their safety, quality and efficacy. In addition, the CMB requires
that all applicants for pCm registration should comply with the CMO and their
pCms should fulfill the requirements of other laws in Hong Kong, including the
Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586)
(PESAPO) which aims to bring the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) into effect in Hong Kong. The objective
of the CITES is to strengthen trade controls through adoption of effective
measures among governments of the contracting parties, so as to effectively
protect the endangered species of wild fauna and flora and to ensure that the
sustainable use of wild fauna and flora will not be affected by international
trade.
As such, registered pCms containing ingredients from bear gall bladders should
also comply with the PESAPO, including the relevant licensing requirements.
According to the record of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Department (AFCD), for the pCm products which contain ingredients from bear gall
bladders and imported into Hong Kong in the past three years according to the
requirements of the PESAPO, the bear gall bladders of which were all obtained
from brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Russia, which are one of the species listed
in Appendix II to the CITES (i.e. species not presently threatened with
extinction but trading of which should be controlled to protect them from the
risk of extinction). Chinese herbal medicines, pCms and products containing
ingredients of species listed in Appendix II to the CITES must be imported into
Hong Kong together with CITES licences issued by the exporting countries for
inspection by authorised officers at the time of their entry into Hong Kong. For
such items to be exported from Hong Kong, export licenses must be obtained in
advance from the AFCD. As required by the CITES, an export licence should be
issued by a competent authority of the exporting country only if the specimen
was legally obtained and the export would not be detrimental to the survival of
the species.
(2) Information about pCm products which contain ingredients from bear gall
bladders and are currently registered and sold in Hong Kong is set out in the
Annex.
(3) It is generally considered in the Chinese medicine field that bear gall
bladders have significant efficacy in the treatment of critical, acute, serious
and rare or complex illnesses, playing an important role in Chinese medicine
clinical treatment. The clinical effects of bear gall bladders in the treatment
mentioned above cannot be substituted by other herbal medicines, and no
artificially synthesised substitutes are available at the moment.
The CMB has discussed the use of bear gall bladders in pCms. Having considered
the uniqueness of the medicinal properties, functions and usage of bear gall
bladders and the balance between animal rights and utilisation of natural
resources, the CMB currently accepts the use of bear gall bladders as active
ingredients of pCms for medical treatment, provided that the products meet the
requirements of the CMO, the PESAPO and the CITES. It should be noted that the
CMB only accepts the use of bear gall bladders as active ingredients of pCm
products for therapeutic purpose, but not for health protection purpose. The CMB
will continue to closely keep in view international developments about the
medicinal value and use of bear gall bladders, and continue to require the
medicine traders concerned to comply with the CMO and other laws in Hong Kong.
(4) As mentioned in the Administration's written reply dated February 15, 2013
to the Panel on Health Services of this Council, given that the process of
obtaining bear gall bladders or bile is carried out in places outside Hong Kong
and that the manufacture and supply of pCms generally involve multiple stages,
it is therefore difficult to monitor the various stages in the supply chain,
including the method of obtaining bear gall bladders, in Hong Kong. The
Administration would also like to clarify that the CITES and the PESAPO do not
impose regulation on the methods of collecting specimens of endangered species.
Ends/Wednesday, June 11, 2014
Issued at HKT 18:23
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LCQ10 Annex