Cervical Cancer Screening

Download

References

  1. Lu M, Moritz S, Lorenzetti D, Sykes L, Straus S, Quan H. A systematic review of interventions to increase breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Asian women. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:413.
  2. Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, Warren R. Screening for cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2013;2:35.
  3. Hong Kong SAR: Cancer Expert Working Group on Cancer Prevention and Screening (CEWG), Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health. Recommendations on Prevention and Screening for Cervical Cancer For Health Professionals 2021. Available from: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/100854.html.
  4. Liu ZC, Liu WD, Liu YH, Ye XH, Chen SD. Multiple Sexual Partners as a Potential Independent Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(9):3893-900.
  5. Cohen PA, Jhingran A, Oaknin A, Denny L. Cervical cancer. Lancet. 2019;393(10167):169-82.
  6. The Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. HKCOG Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening 2024. Available from: https://www.hkcog.org.hk/hkcog/pages_4_81.html.
  7. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours: Female Genital Tumours 5th ed: World Health Organization; 2020;4. Available from: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Female-Genital-Tumours-2020.
  8. Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(6):518-27.
  9. Chan CK, Aimagambetova G, Ukybassova T, Kongrtay K, Azizan A. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, and Vaccination-Review of Current Perspectives. J Oncol. 2019;2019:3257939.
  10. World Health Organization. Human papillomavirus and cancer 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papilloma-virus-and-cancer.
  11. Falcaro M, Castanon A, Ndlela B, Checchi M, Soldan K, Lopez-Bernal J, et al. The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study. Lancet. 2021;398(10316):2084-92.
  12. Hong Kong SAR: Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health. Cervical Cancer 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 22]. Available from: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/25/56.html.
  13. Dickinson JA, Stankiewicz A, Popadiuk C, Pogany L, Onysko J, Miller AB. Reduced cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Canada: national data from 1932 to 2006. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:992.
  14. Cancer Research UK. Cervical cancer statistics [cited 2024 Nov 22]. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/cervical-cancer#heading-Zero.
  15. Landy R, Pesola F, Castanon A, Sasieni P. Impact of cervical screening on cervical cancer mortality: estimation using stage-specific results from a nested case-control study. Br J Cancer. 2016;115(9):1140-6.
  16. Day NE. The epidemiological basis for evaluating different screening policies. IARC Sci Publ. 1986(76):199-212.
  17. Control of cancer of the cervix uteri. A WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ. 1986;64(4):607-18.
  18. Kim JJ, Leung GM, Woo PP, Goldie SJ. Cost-effectiveness of organized versus Opportunisticallycervical cytology screening in Hong Kong. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004;26(2):130-7.
  19. Screening for squamous cervical cancer--the duration of low risk following negative results in cervical cytology test: introduction. IARC Working Group on Cervical Cancer Screening. IARC Sci Publ. 1986(76):15-24.
  20. Hosier H, Sheth SS, Oliveira CR, Perley LE, Vash-Margita A. Unindicated cervical cancer screening in adolescent females within a large healthcare system in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(6):649 e1- e9.
  21. Evander M, Edlund K, Gustafsson A, Jonsson M, Karlsson R, Rylander E, Wadell G. Human papillomavirus infection is transient in young women: a population-based cohort study. J Infect Dis. 1995;171(4):1026-30.
  22. Moscicki AB, Shiboski S, Hills NK, Powell KJ, Jay N, Hanson EN, et al. Regression of low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions in young women. Lancet. 2004;364(9446):1678-83.
  23. Fahs MC, Mandelblatt J, Schechter C, Muller C. Cost effectiveness of cervical cancer screening for the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117(6):520-7.
  24. Rijkaart DC, Berkhof J, Rozendaal L, van Kemenade FJ, Bulkmans NW, Heideman DA, et al. Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer: final results of the POBASCAM randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(1):78-88.
  25. Elfstrom KM, Smelov V, Johansson AL, Eklund C, Naucler P, Arnheim-Dahlstrom L, Dillner J. Long term duration of protective effect for HPV negative women: follow-up of primary HPV screening randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2014;348:g130.
  26. Dijkstra MG, van Zummeren M, Rozendaal L, van Kemenade FJ, Helmerhorst TJ, Snijders PJ, et al. Safety of extending screening intervals beyond five years in cervical screening programmes with testing for high risk human papillomavirus: 14 year follow-up of population based randomised cohort in the Netherlands. BMJ. 2016;355:i4924.
  27. Gilham C, Sargent A, Kitchener HC, Peto J. HPV testing compared with routine cytology in cervical screening: long-term follow-up of ARTISTIC RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2019;23(28):1-44.
  28. Ronco G, Dillner J, Elfstrom KM, Tunesi S, Snijders PJ, Arbyn M, et al. Efficacy of HPV-based screening for prevention of invasive cervical cancer: follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2014;383(9916):524-32.
  29. Choi HCW, Leung K, Chan KKL, Bai Y, Jit M, Wu JT. Maximizing the cost-effectiveness of cervical screening in the context of routine HPV vaccination by optimizing screening strategies with respect to vaccine uptake: a modeling analysis. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):48.
  30. Anttila T, Saikku P, Koskela P, Bloigu A, Dillner J, Ikaheimo I, et al. Serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and risk for development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA. 2001;285(1):47-51.
  31. Smith JS, Herrero R, Bosetti C, Munoz N, Bosch FX, Eluf-Neto J, et al. Herpes simplex virus-2 as a human papillomavirus cofactor in the etiology of invasive cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(21):1604-13.
  32. Bowden SJ, Doulgeraki T, Bouras E, Markozannes G, Athanasiou A, Grout-Smith H, et al. Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):274.
  33. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Cervical carcinoma and sexual behavior: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 15,461 women with cervical carcinoma and 29,164 women without cervical carcinoma from 21 epidemiological studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(4):1060-9.
  34. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Sweetland S, Green J. Comparison of risk factors for squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2004;90(9):1787-91.
  35. Louie KS, de Sanjose S, Diaz M, Castellsague X, Herrero R, Meijer CJ, et al. Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(7):1191-7.
  36. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Munoz N, Meijer CJ, Shah KV, Walboomers JM, et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet. 2002;359(9312):1085-92.
  37. Munoz N, Franceschi S, Bosetti C, Moreno V, Herrero R, Smith JS, et al. Role of parity and human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet. 2002;359(9312):1093-101.
  38. Couto E, Hemminki K. Heritable and environmental components in cervical tumors. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(11):2699-701.
  39. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8,097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1,374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(4):885-91.
  40. Koliopoulos G, Nyaga VN, Santesso N, Bryant A, Martin-Hirsch PP, Mustafa RA, et al. Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;8(8):CD008587.
  41. Ramirez AT, Valls J, Baena A, Rojas FD, Ramirez K, Alvarez R, et al. Performance of cervical cytology and HPV testing for primary cervical cancer screening in Latin America: an analysis within the ESTAMPA study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;26:100593.
  42. Castle PE, Stoler MH, Wright TC, Jr., Sharma A, Wright TL, Behrens CM. Performance of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and HPV16 or HPV18 genotyping for cervical cancer screening of women aged 25 years and older: a subanalysis of the ATHENA study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(9):880-90.
  43. World Health Organization. WHO technical guidance and specifications of medical devices for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions in the prevention of cervical cancer. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240002630.
  44. Ruttanamora U, Thongsalak P, Sammor A, Chomean S, Kaset C. Comparative Analysis of HPV Detection Efficiency: Evaluating Cobas 8800 Performance in Vaginal Self-Sampling versus Clinician-Collected Samples at a Regional Thai Hospital. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(19).
  45. Stanczuk G, Baxter G, Currie H, Lawrence J, Cuschieri K, Wilson A, Arbyn M. Clinical validation of hrHPV testing on vaginal and urine self-samples in primary cervical screening (cross-sectional results from the Papillomavirus Dumfries and Galloway-PaVDaG study). BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010660.
  46. Gay JD, Donaldson LD, Goellner JR. False-negative results in cervical cytologic studies. Acta Cytol. 1985;29(6):1043-6.
  47. Honarvar Z, Zarisfi Z, Salari Sedigh S, Masoumi Shahrbabak M. Comparison of conventional and liquid-based Pap smear methods in the diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;42(6):2320-4.
  48. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Cervix cancer screening - Chapter 2 Screening tests 2005;10. Available from: https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/3967/209adf17e95b529e3002f4cf59a9c1ef8dafdab2.pdf.
  49. Naucler P, Ryd W, Tornberg S, Strand A, Wadell G, Elfgren K, et al. Human papillomavirus and Papanicolaou tests to screen for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(16):1589-97.
  50. Kim JJ, Burger EA, Regan C, Sy S. Screening for Cervical Cancer in Primary Care: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;320(7):706-14.
  51. Waller J, Bartoszek M, Marlow L, Wardle J. Barriers to cervical cancer screening attendance in England: a population-based survey. J Med Screen. 2009;16(4):199-204.
  52. Wright TC, Stoler MH, Behrens CM, Sharma A, Zhang G, Wright TL. Primary cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus: end of study results from the ATHENA study using HPV as the first-line screening test. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;136(2):189-97.
  53. Chan KKL, Liu SS, Wei N, Ngu SF, Chu MMY, Tse KY, et al. Primary HPV testing with cytology versus cytology alone in cervical screening-A prospective randomized controlled trial with two rounds of screening in a Chinese population. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(4):1152-62.
  54. Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, Chelmow D, Einstein MH, Garcia F, et al. 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020;24(2):102-31.
  55. ASCUS-LSIL Traige Study (ALTS) Group. Results of a randomized trial on the management of cytology interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(6):1383-92.
  56. Wang Z, Gu Y, Wang H, Chen J, Zheng Y, Cui B, Yang X. Distribution of cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US: a retrospective single-center study in China. Virol J. 2020;17(1):185.
  57. ASCUS-LSIL Traige Study (ALTS) Group. A randomized trial on the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology interpretations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(6):1393-400.
Further Readings Community Resources Reference Materials for Healthcare Professionals Education and Self-Help Materials for the General Public References
Back to Cancer Screening